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A new form of neural communication discovered in the human brain.
In a new study, partially supported by the Human Brain Project and published in Nature Communications, research teams led by Professor J. Matias Palva and Research Director Satu Palva at the Neuroscience Center of the University of Helsinki and Aalto University, in collaboration with the University of Glasgow and the University of Genoa, have identified a new coupling mechanism that links neural networks through the use of human intracerebral recordings.
Neuronal oscillations are an essential part of the functioning of the human brain. They regulate communication between neural networks and the processing of information by the brain, setting the rhythm of neural groups and synchronizing brain regions.
It is known that high-frequency oscillations, with frequencies above 100 Hertz, indicate the activity of small neuronal populations. However, until now, they have been considered an exclusively local phenomenon.
The findings from the European research project demonstrate that high-frequency oscillations above 100 Hertz also synchronize across multiple brain regions. This significant discovery reveals that strictly timed communication between brain regions can be achieved through high-frequency oscillations.
The researchers observed that high-frequency oscillations were synchronized between neural groups with similar brain structure architectures across all subjects but occurred in individual frequency bands. Performing a visual task resulted in the synchronization of high-frequency oscillations in the specific brain regions responsible for performing the task.
These observations suggest that high-frequency oscillations transmit "packets of information" within the brain from one small group of neurons to another.
The discovery of synchronized high-frequency oscillations between brain regions is the first evidence of the transmission and reception of such packets of information in a broader context beyond individual brain locations. The finding also helps to understand how the healthy brain processes information and how this processing is altered in brain diseases.
